Anemias Overview: NCLEX Priorities
Iron-deficiency, B12, folate, sickle cell, quick patterns and treatments.
Anemia patterns the NCLEX tests. Each has a signature.
Iron-deficiency anemia
Microcytic, hypochromic. Causes: blood loss, poor intake, pregnancy. Iron supplementation oral (ferrous sulfate) or IV. Take with vitamin C; avoid with calcium/PPI. Black stools normal.
B12 deficiency
Macrocytic, neuro symptoms (paresthesias, ataxia). Causes: pernicious anemia (intrinsic factor deficiency), vegan diet, gastric surgery, ileal disease. B12 IM or sublingual.
Folate deficiency
Macrocytic, no neuro symptoms. Causes: poor intake, alcohol, methotrexate. Folate supplementation. Distinguish from B12, giving folate alone in B12 deficiency can worsen neuro damage.
Sickle cell
Hemoglobin S → sickling under stress. Vaso-occlusive crisis: pain, hydration, opioids, O2 if hypoxic, treat infection. Hydroxyurea reduces crisis frequency.
Frequently asked
Why blood transfusion in anemia?
Hgb <7 generally (<8 in cardiac disease). Symptomatic anemia.
Iron with food?
Better absorbed empty stomach. Take with food only if GI upset.
Quick check
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