Diabetes Mellitus Type 1: NCLEX Priorities
T1DM: insulin types, sick day rules, hypoglycemia, DKA prevention.
Type 1 diabetes is autoimmune destruction of beta cells. Insulin-dependent. NCLEX tests insulin management and DKA prevention.
Diagnosis
A1c ≥6.5%, fasting glucose ≥126, random ≥200 with symptoms. Autoantibodies present (GAD, ICA).
Insulin regimens
Basal-bolus (long-acting + rapid with meals). Pump (continuous SQ infusion). Adjust per carb counting, blood sugar, activity.
Sick day rules
Don't stop insulin even if not eating. Monitor blood sugar q2-4h. Check ketones. Hydrate. Call provider if persistent hyperglycemia or ketones.
Hypoglycemia
15-15 rule: 15 g fast carb, recheck in 15 min, repeat if still low. If unconscious: glucagon IM or D50 IV.
Frequently asked
Why don't stop insulin when sick?
Illness raises blood sugar. Skipping insulin → DKA risk.
Carb counting basics?
1 unit rapid insulin per 10-15 g carb (individual ratio). Correction factor for high BG.
Quick check
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